Label: SILDENAFIL- sildenafil tablet, film coated

The incidence of eye hemorrhage at both 20 mg three times a day and at all doses studied was 1.4% for sildenafil versus 1.4% for placebo. The patients experiencing these reactions had risk factors for hemorrhage including concurrent anticoagulant therapy.In a placebo-controlled fixed dose titration study (Study 2) of sildenafil (starting with recommended dose of 20 mg and increased to 40 mg and then 80 mg all three times a day) as an adjunct to intravenous epoprostenol in patients with PAH, the adverse reactions that were more frequent in the sildenafil + epoprostenol group than in the epoprostenol group (greater than 6% difference) are shown in Table 2 [see Clinical Studies (14)].Table 2.

2.1 Recommended Dosage in Adults

The incidence of eye hemorrhage at both 20 mg three times a day and at all doses studied was 1.4% for sildenafil versus 1.4% for placebo. The patients experiencing these reactions had risk factors for hemorrhage including concurrent anticoagulant therapy.In a placebo-controlled fixed dose titration study (Study 2) of sildenafil (starting with recommended dose of 20 mg and increased to 40 mg and then 80 mg all three times a day) as an adjunct to intravenous epoprostenol in patients with PAH, the adverse reactions that were more frequent in the sildenafil + epoprostenol group than in the epoprostenol group (greater than 6% difference) are shown in Table 2 [see Clinical Studies (14)].Table 2. Adverse Reactions (%) in patients with PAH in Study 2 (incidence in Sildenafil + Epoprostenol group at least 6% greater than Epoprostenol group)6.2 Postmarketing ExperienceThe following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of sildenafil (marketed for both PAH and erectile dysfunction). It is not possible to determine whether these events are related directly to sildenafil, to sexual activity, to the patient’s underlying cardiovascular disease, or to a combination of these or other factors.Nervous systemSeizure, seizure recurrenceOphthalmologicNAION [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) and Patient Counseling Information (17)]. The following serious adverse events are discussed elsewhere in the labeling: Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Jet lag research

Safety data of sildenafil in adults were obtained from the 12-week, placebo-controlled clinical study (Study 1) and an open-label extension study in 277 sildenafil-treated patients with PAH, WHO Group I [see Clinical Studies (14)]. The overall frequency of discontinuation in sildenafil-treated patients on 20 mg three times a day was 3% and was the same for the placebo group. In Study 1, the adverse reactions that were reported by at least 3% of sildenafil-treated patients (20 mg three times a day) and were more frequent in sildenafil-treated patients than in placebo-treated patients are shown in Table 1. Most Common Adverse Reactions in Patients with PAH in Study 1 (More Frequent in Sildenafil-Treated Patients than Placebo-Treated Patients and Incidence ≥3% in Sildenafil-Treated Patients) At doses higher than the recommended 20 mg three times a day, there was a greater incidence of some adverse reactions including flushing, diarrhea, myalgia and visual disturbances. Visual disturbances were identified as mild and transient, and were predominately color-tinge to vision, but also increased sensitivity to light or blurred vision.

Effectiveness by condition:

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS NitratesConcomitant use of sildenafil with nitrates in any form is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4)].Ritonavir and other Potent CYP3A InhibitorsConcomitant use of sildenafil with ritonavir and other potent CYP3A inhibitors is not recommended [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].Other drugs that reduce blood pressureAlpha blockers. In drug-drug interaction studies, sildenafil (25 mg, 50 mg, or 100 mg) and the alpha-blocker doxazosin (4 mg or 8 mg) were administered simultaneously to patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) stabilized on doxazosin therapy. In these study populations, mean additional reductions of supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 7/7 mmHg, 9/5 mmHg, and 8/4 mmHg, respectively, were observed. Mean additional reductions of standing blood pressure of 6/6 sildenafil pink pill mmHg, 11/4 mmHg, and 4/5 mmHg, respectively, were also observed. There were infrequent reports of patients who experienced symptomatic postural hypotension. Adverse Reactions (%) in patients with PAH in Study 2 (incidence in Sildenafil + Epoprostenol group at least 6% greater than Epoprostenol group)6.2 Postmarketing ExperienceThe following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of sildenafil (marketed for both PAH and erectile dysfunction). It is not possible to determine whether these events are related directly to sildenafil, to sexual activity, to the patient’s underlying cardiovascular disease, or to a combination of these or other factors.Nervous systemSeizure, seizure recurrenceOphthalmologicNAION [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) and Patient Counseling Information (17)]. The following serious adverse events are discussed elsewhere in the labeling: Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Safety data of sildenafil in adults were obtained from the 12-week, placebo-controlled clinical study (Study 1) and an open-label extension study in 277 sildenafil-treated patients with PAH, WHO Group I [see Clinical Studies (14)]. The overall frequency of discontinuation in sildenafil-treated patients on 20 mg three times a day was 3% and was the same for the placebo group.

In Study 1, the adverse reactions that were reported by at least 3% of sildenafil-treated patients (20 mg three times a day) and were more frequent in sildenafil-treated patients than in placebo-treated patients are shown in Table 1. Most Common Adverse Reactions in Patients with PAH in Study 1 (More Frequent in Sildenafil-Treated Patients than Placebo-Treated Patients and Incidence ≥3% in Sildenafil-Treated Patients) At doses higher than the recommended 20 mg three times a day, there was a greater incidence of some adverse reactions including flushing, diarrhea, myalgia and visual disturbances. Visual disturbances were identified as mild and transient, and were predominately color-tinge to vision, but also increased sensitivity to light or blurred vision. 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS NitratesConcomitant use of sildenafil with nitrates in any form is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4)].Ritonavir and other Potent CYP3A InhibitorsConcomitant use of sildenafil with ritonavir and other potent CYP3A inhibitors is not recommended [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].Other drugs that reduce blood pressureAlpha blockers. In drug-drug interaction studies, sildenafil (25 mg, 50 mg, or 100 mg) and the alpha-blocker doxazosin (4 mg or 8 mg) were administered simultaneously to patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) stabilized on doxazosin therapy. In these study populations, mean additional reductions of supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 7/7 mmHg, 9/5 mmHg, and 8/4 mmHg, respectively, were observed.

Mean additional reductions of standing blood pressure of 6/6 sildenafil pink pill mmHg, 11/4 mmHg, and 4/5 mmHg, respectively, were also observed. There were infrequent reports of patients who experienced symptomatic postural hypotension. These reports included dizziness and light-headedness, but not syncope.Amlodipine. When sildenafil 100 mg oral was co-administered with amlodipine, 5 mg or 10 mg oral, to hypertensive patients, the mean additional reduction on supine blood pressure was 8 mmHg systolic and 7 mmHg diastolic.Monitor blood pressure when co-administering blood pressure lowering drugs with sildenafil [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.Clinical ConsiderationsDisease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal RiskPregnant women with untreated pulmonary arterial hypertension are at risk for heart failure, stroke, preterm delivery, and maternal and fetal death.DataAnimal DataNo evidence of teratogenicity, embryotoxicity, or fetotoxicity was observed in pregnant rats or rabbits dosed with sildenafil 200 mg/kg/day during organogenesis, a level that is, on a mg/m2 basis, 32-and 65-times, respectively, the recommended human dose (RHD) of 20 mg three times a day. Limited clinical data during lactation preclude a clear determination of the risk of sildenafil to an infant during lactation.8.4 Pediatric UseIn a randomized, double-blind, multi-center, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-ranging study, 234 patients with PAH, aged 1 to 17 years, body weight greater than or equal to 8 kg, were randomized, on the basis of body weight, to three dose levels of sildenafil, or placebo, for 16 weeks of treatment. Most patients had mild to moderate symptoms at baseline: WHO Functional Class I (32%), II (51%), III (15%), or IV (0.4%). One-third of patients had primary PAH; two-thirds had secondary PAH (systemic-to-pulmonary shunt in 37%; surgical repair in 30%). Sixty-two percent of patients were female. Drug or placebo was administered three times a day.The primary objective of the study was to assess the effect of sildenafil on exercise capacity as measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pediatric patients developmentally able to perform the test (n = 115).

• Sildenafil tablets may have different appearances depending on manufacturer.
• Consult a healthcare professional if unsure about dosing or interactions.
• Sildenafil should be used responsibly to prevent dependence.
• Some users experience a slight tingling sensation after ingestion.
• Generic sildenafil is usually less expensive but equally effective.
• Always buy from trusted sources to avoid counterfeit medication.
• Sildenafil can be used in combination with other ED treatments if advised.
• Certain medical conditions may contraindicate sildenafil use.
• The tablets are commonly available in blister packs for safety.
• Avoid combining sildenafil with grapefruit juice, which can affect metabolism.
• Keep a record of all medications and their effects during treatment.

Administration of sildenafil did not result in a statistically significant improvement in exercise capacity in those patients. No patients died during the 16-week controlled study.After completing the 16-week controlled study, a patient originally randomized to sildenafil remained on his/her dose of sildenafil or, if originally randomized to placebo, was randomized to low-, medium-, or high-dose sildenafil.

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This lower selectivity is thought to be the basis for abnormalities related to color vision observed with higher doses or plasma levels [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].In addition to pulmonary vascular smooth muscle and the corpus cavernosum, PDE-5 is also found in other tissues including vascular and visceral smooth muscle and in platelets. After all patients completed 16 weeks of follow-up in the controlled study, the blind was broken and doses were adjusted as clinically indicated.

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These reports included dizziness and light-headedness, but not syncope.Amlodipine. When sildenafil 100 mg oral was co-administered with amlodipine, 5 mg or 10 mg oral, to hypertensive patients, the mean additional reduction on supine blood pressure was 8 mmHg systolic and 7 mmHg diastolic.Monitor blood pressure when co-administering blood pressure lowering drugs with sildenafil [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.Clinical ConsiderationsDisease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal RiskPregnant women with untreated pulmonary arterial hypertension are at risk for heart failure, stroke, preterm delivery, and maternal and fetal death.DataAnimal DataNo evidence of teratogenicity, embryotoxicity, or fetotoxicity was observed in pregnant rats or rabbits dosed with sildenafil 200 mg/kg/day during organogenesis, a level that is, on a mg/m2 basis, 32-and 65-times, respectively, the recommended human dose (RHD) of 20 mg three times a day. Limited clinical data during lactation preclude a clear determination of the risk of sildenafil to an infant during lactation.8.4 Pediatric UseIn a randomized, double-blind, multi-center, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-ranging study, 234 patients with PAH, aged 1 to 17 years, body weight greater than or equal to 8 kg, were randomized, on the basis of body weight, to three dose levels of sildenafil, or placebo, for 16 weeks of treatment.

What should I know about sildenafil before taking it?

Most patients had mild to moderate symptoms at baseline: WHO Functional Class I (32%), II (51%), III (15%), or IV (0.4%). One-third of patients had primary PAH; two-thirds had secondary PAH (systemic-to-pulmonary shunt in 37%; surgical repair in 30%). Sixty-two percent of patients were female. Drug or placebo was administered three times a day.The primary objective of the study was to assess the effect of sildenafil on exercise capacity as measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pediatric patients developmentally able to perform the test (n = 115). Administration of sildenafil did not result in a statistically significant improvement in exercise capacity in those patients.

Clinical monitoring

No patients died during the 16-week controlled study.After completing the 16-week controlled study, a patient originally randomized to sildenafil remained on his/her dose of sildenafil or, if originally randomized to placebo, was randomized to low-, medium-, or high-dose sildenafil. After all patients completed 16 weeks of follow-up in the controlled study, the blind was broken and doses were adjusted as clinically indicated. Patients treated with sildenafil were followed for a median of 4.6 years (range 2 days to 8.6 years). Mortality during the long-term study, by originally assigned dose, is shown in Figure 6:Figure 6: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Mortality by Sildenafil Dose.During the study, there were 42 reported deaths, with 37 of these deaths reported prior to a decision to titrate subjects to a lower dosage because of a finding of increased mortality with increasing sildenafil doses. For the survival analysis which included 37 deaths, the hazard ratio for high dose compared to low dose was 3.9, p=0.007. Patients treated with sildenafil were followed for a median of 4.6 years (range 2 days to 8.6 years). Mortality during the long-term study, by originally assigned dose, is shown in Figure 6:Figure 6: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Mortality by Sildenafil Dose.During the study, there were 42 reported deaths, with 37 of these deaths reported prior to a decision to titrate subjects to a lower dosage because of a finding of increased mortality with increasing sildenafil doses. For the survival analysis which included 37 deaths, the hazard ratio for high dose compared to low dose was 3.9, p=0.007.

5.1 Cardiovascular

Causes of death were typical of patients with PAH. Use of sildenafil, particularly chronic use, is not recommended in canada sildenafil children.8.5 Geriatric UseClinical studies of sildenafil did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Severe impairment has not been studied [see Clinical Pharmacology 12.3)].8.7 Patients with Renal ImpairmentNo dose adjustment is required (including severe impairment CLcr < 30 mL/min) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.

What does SILDENAFIL CITRATE (Generic for REVATIO) look like?

In a randomized, double-blind, multi-center, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-ranging study, 234 patients with PAH, aged 1 to 17 years, body weight greater than or equal to 8 kg, were randomized, on the basis of body weight, to three dose levels of sildenafil, or placebo, for 16 weeks of treatment. Drug or placebo was administered three times a day. During the study, there were 42 reported deaths, with 37 of these deaths reported prior to a decision to titrate subjects to a lower dosage because of a finding of increased mortality with increasing sildenafil doses. Use of sildenafil, particularly chronic use, is not recommended in children. Clinical studies of sildenafil did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.

Sildenafil: the science

Severe impairment has not been studied [see Clinical Pharmacology 12.3)]. Sildenafil is also marketed as VIAGRA® for erectile dysfunction.Sildenafil citrate, USP is designated chemically as 1-[[3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo [4,3-d] pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl] sulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate and has the following structural formula :Sildenafil citrate, USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a solubility of 3.5 mg/mL in water and a molecular weight of 666.7.Sildenafil Tablets USP, 20 mg: Sildenafil tablets are formulated as white, film-coated round tablets for oral administration. Sildenafil Tablets USP, 20 mg: Sildenafil tablets are formulated as white, film-coated round tablets for oral administration. In patients with PAH, this can lead to vasodilation of the pulmonary vascular bed and, to a lesser degree, vasodilatation in the systemic circulation.Studies in vitro have shown that sildenafil is selective for PDE-5. Sildenafil is only about 10-fold as potent for PDE-5 compared to PDE6, an enzyme found in the retina and involved in the phototransduction pathway of the retina. Causes of death were typical of patients with PAH. Use of sildenafil, particularly chronic use, is not recommended in canada sildenafil children.8.5 Geriatric UseClinical studies of sildenafil did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Severe impairment has not been studied [see Clinical Pharmacology 12.3)].8.7 Patients with Renal ImpairmentNo dose adjustment is required (including severe impairment CLcr < 30 mL/min) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. In a randomized, double-blind, multi-center, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-ranging study, 234 patients with PAH, aged 1 to 17 years, body weight greater than or equal to 8 kg, were randomized, on the basis of body weight, to three dose levels of sildenafil, or placebo, for 16 weeks of treatment. Drug or placebo was administered three times a day.

• Sildenafil is classified as a prescription medication in most countries.
• Proper diagnosis of ED by a doctor is essential before using sildenafil.
• Sildenafil’s primary function is to facilitate normal erectile response.
• The drug's onset of action can vary among individuals.
• White sildenafil tablets are sometimes found in counterfeit markets.
• It’s advisable to start with the lowest effective dose.
• Some patients report a “refractory” period after taking sildenafil.
• Sildenafil should not be used with certain recreational drugs like poppers.
• The medication’s safety profile is well-understood when used correctly.
• Inform your healthcare provider if you experience prolonged erections.
• Keep an updated record of all medications while using sildenafil.

During the study, there were 42 reported deaths, with 37 of these deaths reported prior to a decision to titrate subjects to a lower dosage because of a finding of increased mortality with increasing sildenafil doses.

• Sildenafil tablets are available in various generic versions.
• White sildenafil tablets are often easier to swallow due to their shape.
• The cost of sildenafil varies depending on the brand and dosage.
• Using sildenafil responsibly can improve quality of life for users.
• Not all erectile issues require medication; consult a doctor for underlying causes.
• Sildenafil is not suitable for women or children.
• The drug works by blocking PDE5, enhancing natural erections.
• Physical activity after taking sildenafil can enhance its effectiveness.
• Sildenafil is sometimes used off-label for pulmonary hypertension.
• Proper hydration may help reduce side effects like headaches.
• Patients should report any persistent or severe side effects to a healthcare professional.

Use of sildenafil, particularly chronic use, is not recommended in children.

Clinical studies of sildenafil did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Severe impairment has not been studied [see Clinical Pharmacology 12.3)]. Sildenafil is also marketed as VIAGRA® for erectile dysfunction.Sildenafil citrate, USP is designated chemically as 1-[[3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo [4,3-d] pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl] sulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate and has the following structural formula :Sildenafil citrate, USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a solubility of 3.5 mg/mL in water and a molecular weight of 666.7.Sildenafil Tablets USP, 20 mg: Sildenafil tablets are formulated as white, film-coated round tablets for oral administration. Sildenafil Tablets USP, 20 mg: Sildenafil tablets are formulated as white, film-coated round tablets for oral administration. In patients with PAH, this can lead to vasodilation of the pulmonary vascular bed and, to a lesser degree, vasodilatation in the systemic circulation.Studies in vitro have shown that sildenafil is selective for PDE-5. Sildenafil is only about 10-fold as potent for PDE-5 compared to PDE6, an enzyme found in the retina and involved in the phototransduction pathway of the retina. This lower selectivity is thought to be the basis for abnormalities related to color vision observed with higher doses or plasma levels [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].In addition to pulmonary vascular smooth muscle and the corpus cavernosum, PDE-5 is also found in other tissues including vascular and visceral smooth muscle and in platelets.

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